Hands Across the Ocean

On Shakespeare’s birthday, it seems only fitting to talk about the London Book Fair and what it suggests re: book publishing’s future. It was, as others have said a smaller fair than in recent years, and there were noticeably fewer Americans, with some publishers (viz Random, Scholastic) represented only by their sub rights people.

A focus of the fair became – whether by design or default – the US/UK continuum. There were panels on what, how much and how Americans read vis-à-vis their British brethren (who are slightly likelier to be so, rather than sistren). London’s mayor, Boris Johnson, noted that London has twice the numbers of bookstores as New York, and made fun of Americans for being poor practitioners of the English language.

Meanwhile, on the floor of the exhibit hall and in the International Rights Center, the tug of war between the UK and their US counterparts continued apace and as the traditional channels shrink, the debate will only intensify. It was easy when a publisher bought a book, and if it owned them, sold rights around the world, and territories were recognized – and recognizable. Nowadays, if the UK and US publisher belong to the same corporation, one edition comes out in the UK, and finds its way to Europe. If not, then increasingly two editions vie for shelfspace. Publishers Lunch refers to an article in Deutsche Welle about English language books, noting “One reason US and UK publishers are fighting over export rights is the fast rise in sales of English-language books in Germany, where the Booksellers’ Association says market share has doubled to 3 percent over the past five years.”

In a digital world, all bets are off. Who – the publisher(s), the etailer(s), the ebook reader(s) platform — controls which territory? Who controls the online marketing of a p- or ebook? What about the publisher’s niche sites, created to attract teens or science fiction fans, or romance readers? When does its oversite reside with the local publisher, and when does it become part of the corporate strategy? It’s one more thing for US publishers to fight with their UK colleagues over – and vice versa. Ironically, though US publishers often have (or had, in an era before draconian cuts) larger biz dev budgets for online initiatives, the UK is ahead of the US in certain key areas, like mobile usage.

Retro though it is in the digital realm, perhaps it’s still important for publishers working on all aspects of the business to remember that besides Shakespeare, this is also World Book & Copyright Day.

April 2009 Book View

PEOPLE

Todd McGarity has been named VP, Distribution Sales & Services at Hachette Book Group USA, replacing Chris Hamley, who held the position for less than a year. McGarity was most recently Director of Client Development at Random House. He will report to COO Ken Michaels. Read More »

The Ultimate Publishing Blogroll

We are compiling a giant list of publishing blogs for the May issue of Publishing Trends. We’ll also be posting it online and constantly updating it on our BRAND NEW WEBSITE (coming very soon, stay tuned!) What are your favorite publishing blogs? Whether they are about books, design, or writing or are from publishing houses or literary agencies, e-mail them to me or list them in the comments.

Cuba is (not) book country

Last week a group of publishing folk, moonlighting as humanitarian aid workers, invaded Cuba. We spent the week in Havana and its environs and – because it was the 10th Havana Art Biennial – found ourselves immersed in a vibrant city-wide exhibition that focused on third world and Latino artists.

Havana is a mass of contradictions – beautiful colonial architecture backing on to dusty, crumbling buildings; state run bookstores that are almost empty of books and people, down the street from a thriving Mondadori store geared to tourists; eager and articulate locals who admit they are cut off from the “real world,” while continuing to refer un(self)consciously to 1959 as the “triumph of the revolution.”

Though we were interested in meeting with Cuban writers and understanding the contemporary literary scene, writing is, as it happens, the least developed of Cuba’s remarkably sophisticated cultural cache. The visual arts – paintings, photography, sculpture, graphic arts – are well represented, even in non-biennial years, and subversive political content seems “allowed,” if within limits. Music is everywhere, and Cuban dance companies – modern, classical and Spanish flamenco – are world-renowned, in part because dancers get to perform outside of Cuba. (Six dancers had recently defected while performing in Mexico, though we were told this would not have an effect on the group’s future touring.)

But books and writing in general suffer from the gatekeeper syndrome: how can you find an audience unless your efforts are correct enough to be acceptable to the retailers who – with the single exception of the tourist store on the Plaza de Armas, which is stocked with Stephen King, Isabel Allende and Dostoevsky, among others – are state-owned? Though some publishers, like that run by the Union of Cuban Artists and Writers (UNEAC), are “non-governmental” and have an independent editorial board consisting of union members, the distinction is moot when books are sold through sanctioned retailers and all media are also controlled by the state. And in a world where the internet is closely regulated (there is a state-wide “intranet” system, but computers are prohibitively expensive for most Cubans), modern options like POD or ebooks are of course nonexistent. As a result, books published in Cuba are of decreasing interest to its inhabitants, with the typical printing running between 1,000 and (occasionally) 5,000. Nor can people go to libraries to find something to read, as these too are government-run, and seem to have few contemporary books or indeed books of any vintage. (A school library we visited had mostly yellowing textbooks, dictionaries, and propaganda – and nine dog-eared copies of Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea, in Scribner paperbacks vintage 1965.)

Indeed, a union member explained that books are not published simply to provide entertainment, but rather (as one of our guides put it) to promote “real values.” But commercial fare is nevertheless available: at an artist’s kiosk in the Capitol Building, a Spanish language copy of Dan Brown’s Angels and Demons was spied and in the state-run bookstore we visited, there were, in addition to Che and Fidel speeches, a lot of books by Danielle Steel, Nicholas Sparks, Elizabeth George and Michael Crichton, as well as a (fairly recent) biography of Sigourney Weaver!

Still, there is an annual International Festival of Poetry in Havana, and the Cuba International Book Festival draws publishers from Latin America and elsewhere. Initially also a Havana fair, it was, apparently, Fidel’s idea to make the event a national celebration so that all Cubans could meet authors – and pitch their books to publishers. His suggestion that fairs be held simultaneously across the island was impractical – it was difficult for authors who might want to visit their home towns, but still participate in the hubbub of the Havana fair – and now the festival travels throughout the country on successive days, thereby allowing authors to travel around the country, courtesy of the state. Rights to some books are sold abroad at this fair, and some publishers attend other fairs as well. Authors receive a portion of the royalties — small, according to UNEAC representatives, though they’re lobbying the government to increase it. To access UNEAC’s site, go to http://www.uneac.org.cu/

Above: Hemingway’s typewriter at his estate, Finca Vigia. No books are available in any language at the gift shop. T-shirts, random CDs and postcards, however, are.

This is Lorraine Shanley’s second – but not last – trip to Cuba. Thanks to fellow travelers Bill Goldstein for suggesting the title and for editing this posting, and to Harold Weinberg for the photograph of Hemingway’s Corona.

Publishing Business 2009: Cloudy with a Chance of Sunshine

Unlike the atmosphere at SXSW, the mood at the 2009 Publishing Business Conference & Expo was a bit subdued. It might have been the chilly New York weather or the beige Marriott Marquis carpeting—or maybe it was the panels reflecting the current state of the publishing industry, with titles like “Book Publishing and the New Financial Realities” and “Undertaking Environmental Improvements in Lean Times.” Nor was digital necessarily held out as the gleaming prize: In the aforementioned “Book Publishing and the New Financial Realities,” David Hetherington, Adjunct Professor at Pace and former CFO of Columbia University Press, said he doesn’t see eBooks generating enough revenue to support any major company any time soon, adding, “There’s a fine line between vision and hallucination.” He predicts that e-books will only really take off when today’s elementary school students enter college and begin using eTextbooks, citing CourseSmart as a site with lots of growth potential.

In “Successful Business Models for Digital Content,” Random House VP Digital Matt Shatz and President of Alexander Street Press Stephen Rhind-Tutt spoke about other ways that both large and small companies can earn revenue from digital initiatives. Shatz said there are three “buckets” for future revenue opportunities. The first is increased volume of core digital product, like e-books and downloadable audio; the digital format helps a company reach more buyers across the world. The second bucket is content enhancements, in which a company takes its underlying core content and generates revenue by enhancing them. Examples include personalized books, enhanced eBooks, subscriptions, and chunking. Shatz said that chunking, or selling books by the chapter, works particularly well for categories like business, self-help, and parenting; people may not want to buy an entire book but are happy to buy a chapter or two. The third bucket, ancillary revenues, includes any revenue streams not fundamentally generated by core content. An example would be a partnership with a gaming company, where the publisher gets benefits in return for helping to develop the narrative of a video game.

Alexander Street Press is an Alexandria, VA–based electronic publisher of online humanities, social sciences, performing arts, and music directories, which libraries and educational institutions can subscribe to or purchase. It’s important for publishers to be open to licensing and partnerships, Rhind-Tutt said: “No one site contains all information, so if our business is getting content to people, we have to work with other people.” (Alexander Street has over 1500 business partners.) Publishers also need to find ways to add value to their existing content. One way publishers they can do this is through semantic indexing. “People are asking new questions. They want to know who said what, when,” said Rhind- Tutt. Users of Alexander Street’s database of Counseling and Therapy Transcripts can, for example, search for all instances of male therapists mentioning the word “drink” to female clients. “If you can find additional ways of adding value,” Rhind-Tutt said, “the business model will sort itself out.”

Search Engine Strategies Conference 2009

PT thanks New York–based marketing consultant Rich Kelley for his reporting.

Social media and search had quite a mashup at this year’s Search Engine Strategies Conference. For three days, 5500 attendees alternated between panels on social media optimization strategies, talks on Google’s new AdWords interface, tuning websites for search, and much more. For its opening keynote, SES turned to author/entrepreneur Guy Kawasaki, who explained why he believes Twitter is the most powerful marketing tool since TV. For him it’s all about the numbers: “Get as many followers as you can (he has 96,228, #76 among Twitter users).” But he doesn’t read his followers’ tweets. All he cares about are @ and direct messages, because, he says, “what you want are followers who will carry your message. What’s important is how much you are retweeted.” Using an array of tools (some, like TwitterHawk, bordering on spam), Kawasaki tweets more than 100 times a day (which helps him stay among the top 5 retweeted). He thinks good Twitter marketers are Comcast, JetBlue, and Amazon. His recommended tools? Adjix to shorten URLs because it also tracks and reports on clicks, and CoTweet for companies who want to assign multiple users to one account.

In February, Google accounted for 72% of search results. Yahoo!, MSN/Live.com, and Ask.com compete most aggressively in universal or blended search, the results pages that include images, video, audio, and slides. These multimedia search pages are changing how people react to search. Enquiro Research developed an eye-tracking heat graph that shows text results pages being read top down. But in blended results, eyes are drawn to the images first, then to the text surrounding them. This could change the dynamics of search rankings. And other results are changing. Search for a restaurant on Yahoo! and its SearchMonkey technology will deliver not just the address and phone number but also the Yelp rating and links to reviews. You’ll find a media player at the bottom of the Yahoo results page, and you can display PowerPoint slides without leaving the page. Ask.com competes by using semantic web technology to analyze queries and deliver answers from structured databases. Query “interviews on TV now” from Google and Ask. Ask delivers actual listings of interviewee, time, and channel. Ask also now has a new Q&A Channel that draws specifically from FAQ pages. If you’re a publisher with lots of content, Ask wants to explore how to deliver blended results using your content (contact Keith Hogan, khogan [at] ask.com). Another player, Farecast (recently purchased by Microsoft), includes directional arrows showing whether prices for items you’re searching are going up or down.

Search is no less critical within a publisher’s site. As Google’s Alex Torres noted, visitors usually decide whether to stay on a site within eight seconds. When navigation fails, 50% resort to search, but 80% of the time search results do not meet their expectations. The solution is to optimize your site, both to draw traffic from search engines and for searching within your site. Several “Extreme Makeover” panels offered live demonstrations of how experts critique home pages and site navigation—and revealed how seasoned experts vehemently disagree on best practices. A site’s needs vary depending on the target audience and what you want them to do, but the experts agree that whatever you ask should benefit the customer. “You can increase conversions 12–15% simply by reducing the amount of information you request from a customer,” according to Tim Ash of SiteTuners, “and don’t double stack on a form. Better to go down than to go left to right.” Only testing proves what works. Ethan Griffin of Groove Commerce offered an example: “On one site, a tabbed home page tested worse than one long page of continuous content.” The average conversion rate for an e-commerce site is between 2–3%, but according to Jeffrey Eisenberg of Future Now, if you keep testing and optimizing your site, “your conversion rate should be at least 10%.” Separate panels focused on the best free tool available: Google’s Website Optimizer.

While search has surged, click-throughs on display ads have dropped. Marketers like Jonathan Melendez at RAMP and Amit Kumar at Dapper believe the solution is to make display ads behave more like search. After search engines, publishers are the best source for data, and a new generation of display ads allows a user to search through an advertiser’s database and self-select a product before clicking through for a purchase.

Kevin Cobb of Embarq showed how marketers can bring search and social media together. “Most people aren’t aware that one in four searches happen on YouTube,” noted Cobb. Tech people frequently turn to YouTube for product reviews and demos. And 27% think more favorably about a product after seeing it on YouTube. Embarq’s video contest “What can you do in 48 seconds?” (the time you save by using Embarq’s faster-loading pages) is practically a case study in effective use of social media: 281 videos were submitted, user videos were viewed almost 400,000 times and Embarq’s own how-to videos viewed 112,000 times, and more than 1800 orders were placed. See www.youtube.com/embarq.

Social media marketing needn’t be mysterious. Chris Winfield of 10e20 recommends looking at your logs to see where your customers are coming from. “Ask them what social media they use and where they make their buying decisions. Forums are social media—not as sexy as Facebook or MySpace but probably more effective. . . If I had only an hour a week to spend on my business, I’d spend it in Yahoo! Answers.” Jennifer Laycock of SiteLogic had a similar “start with what you know” recommendation: “There are far more marketing opportunities with blogs than with Twitter.” Blogs are where you get the conversation started. Christina Kerley of ckEpiphany highlighted the power of social media for B2B. “Look at what American Express has done with its forum. Start a group on LinkedIn if one doesn’t already exist or look at the specialized minisites on Alltop. Professionals typically congregate around shared interests. Focus on pain points.”

Winfield echoed her in his listing of the less well-known social media sites. In business, these include Tip’d, Feed the Bull, Motley Fool CAPS, Value Investing News, PFbuzz, Sphinn, and Killer Startups. In products and commerce: dealspl.us, iliketotallyloveit, Dealigg, and ThisNext. Lost in all the controversy over its recent interface change, according to Facebook’s Tim Kendall, is the increased flexibility of the Facebook fan pages companies can create. Fan pages can now deliver different messages to new and returning customers and any update to the fan pages is immediately delivered as a status update to all registered fans.

SXSW Interactive 2009

Much has been written about this year’s SXSW Interactive Festival in Austin, where game developers rubbed shoulders with web marketers, and the publishers that attended were confronted at one panel by exasperated authors and bloggers. But now that the bytes have settled (or healed, as the case may be), what are the useful takeaways?

Most surprising, perhaps, is the extent to which the digital creative class relies on storytelling as a mode and a metaphor for what they do. The value of long-form writing and storytelling was the focus of several panels, such as “Not the Same Old Story,” about engaging users with illustrated stories, and “The Future of Visual Storytelling, about cinematic narrative. Speaker after speaker—along with gamers, designers, marketers, developers—talked about how users are drawn to sites by the stories that unfold. At “What We Can Learn from Games,” Junction Point/Disney’s Warren Spector, MIT’s Henry Jenkins, and ASU’s James Gee had a riveting discussion about games and education, and their individual approaches to game design and storytelling. Gamers follow a decision tree and, as Jenkins explained, “that becomes their own story.” Spector noted that gamers are willing to give up the game at the play level, but want to keep the narrative level: “They don’t want to know ‘How did you do that?’ but rather, ‘How could you have killed off that character?’”

Jim Schroer, a PR consultant talking about marketing, defined PR as “understanding and pre-informing stories.” The creators of Electronic ArtsDead Space, which began life as a comic book, then became a YouTube video, blog, and finally immensely successful game, explained that they started with “a centralized franchise story” from which everything else flowed. Ultimately, “the content was the marketing.”

Cyberfantasy author and Wired columnist Bruce Sterling, who was possibly the most anticipated keynote speaker, talked (mostly disparagingly) about publishers and lovingly about books (drawing a lot of laughter when he compared the Kindle to a cassette for an Atari 2800), but his success was arguably because his entire talk was the story of his life. Indeed, the Frey Café on Red River Road was packed when it hosted an open-mike “Telling Stories” night. (Fans weren’t disappointed when Cookstr’s Will Schwalbe told a hilarious story about Matt Dillon’s denim jacket.)

But along with storytelling, the conference was also about books that the speakers had read, written, wanted to read,
were in the process of writing—the ubiquity of books in an interactive conference was both startling and heartening. Just days before SXSW, Bill Clinton talked at the AAP annual meeting about how, in an age of blogs and internet information, books help develop “perspective and linear argument.” That was what many speakers reiterated, and given the success of author signings at the makeshift B&N sales booth, attendees were happy to follow their advice.

As one tweeter put it so succinctly (not that there’s much choice on Twitter): “SXSW makes me want to read more.”

Book Publishers Are Scarce at SXSW

Book publishers–and agents–are scarce at SXSW’s Interactive Festival, and when they do show up, they’re not always treated with love and respect (see Booksquare’s “New Think? Not So Much”), but at worst it’s a love-hate relationship between the digital crowd and the page turners. At best–and there is a bright side–it’s because this crowd (about 9,000 of them) loves books and wants publishers to do with them what digital creatives have been able to do to movies, music, comics, art, games, and many other aspects of life–enhance it in ways that makes it smarter, more intuitive, faster, more responsive.

The few publishers at SXSW include several from Penguin, which hosted an inadvertently raucous panel that pitted a group of publishers against an angry crowd of bloggers, authors, and digerati. The panel included Clay Shirky and Bloomsbury’s Peter Miller as well as the two Penguins, Ivan Held and John Fagan, who–to give them credit–chose to come to Austin because they knew they should engage with this group. In the audience were a few others, including Taunton’s Don Linn. Several more are also at SXSW, but given the amount of book talk here, it’s amazing what a disconnect there is between the book talk and the book publishers present. Nate Silver, in his interview with Stephen Baker (The Numerati), mentioned Irrational Exuberance and Nixonland. Silver is also writing (okay, he admitted, still outlining) a book for, ironically, Penguin Press. A panel of teenagers assembled by Anastasia of Ypulse revealed that, despite being obsessed with iPhones, Xboxes, and MySpace/Facebook, they are readers too–Stephen King, J. D. Salinger, Watchmen, Joe Haldeman–all read as p- or e-books, depending on where they can get them fast and free.

There are also dozens of author signings, right in the middle of the trade show, where B&N has set up a ministore. Oh, and lots of authors, including Jeff Howe, Chris Rettstatt, Guy Kawasaki, Sloane Crosley–in a range of categories, from fantasy, business, marketing, to futurist, and humor books–have long lines of fans.

But the point is not just that there are books are readers here in Austin; the point is that there are creative people who are blogging, tweeting, composing, developing, and conceptualizing in a remarkable variety of areas that could both inform publishing and out of which brilliant and marketable books could emerge. Why isn’t the book world in this glorious playpen?

If you are a book publisher who’s at SXSW this year, let us know in the comments.

From Production to Interaction

For those of us who are in the business of keeping abreast of industry trends, this week will rank as one of the busiest, filled with all manner of diverting events.

It started tamely enough with the American Book Producers Association‘s annual conference, which had actually been moved from the end of last year to March 10 in hopes of attracting a larger crowd (it did). As usual, the morning sessions were devoted to walking members through the nuts and bolts of the business, but in the afternoon, two panels brought a group of publishers and consulting types on to the stage to opine. In the first panel HarperCollinsCarolyn Pittis got a discussion on “The Internet and Electronic Publishing” going. Everyone had a story to share, including Seth Radwell, recently of Scholastic, who talked about a survey he’s been involved with on converting readers to ebook buyers. It shows that the barriers to ebook purchase are cost (61%) and lack of experience with the product (57%), followed by two lesser issues personal preferences (40%) and convenience (37%), resulting in only 1% of the 55% of those aware of ebooks actually completing a purchase. However, ‘Try it, you’ll like it’ is true — more than a third of those who tried, bought. The digital panel was followed by a “Trends in Publishing” panel, where Bob Miller, David Steinberger, Doug Pocock and Don Weisberg shared their insights about dealing with the changing landscape (stressing focus/niche/quality) after Google‘s Roland Lange had attempted to turn the panel into yet another informercial for Google Book Search.

That subject was front and center on March 11 at the annual AAP meeting, which included a demo of the new Google Books Registry (www.googlebooksettlement.com) along with an interview with Google’s Chief Legal Officer, David Drummond. But with Bill Clinton as the surprise speaker, it was hard to concentrate on much else. Still, John Sargent said a fond farewell to AAP CEO Pat Schroeder, but not before ribbing her for signing her name at the bottom of letters, accompanied by a smiley face. (Is it a surprise that she’s retiring to Celebration, Florida?)

Now comes the interactive side of the week — South By Southwest, where developers, social networkers, and the occasional publisher will mingle in between panels on “Online Comic Books,” “Remixing the Museum Exhibition” and “SEO for Startups.” Penguin is throwing a party for Clay Shirkey right after a panel on “New Think for Old Publishers,” and Sourcebooks’ Dominique Raccah will undoubtedly be hanging out with Taunton‘s Don Linn, Cookstr‘s Will Schwalbe and Fourth Story Media‘s Lisa Holton — all old (or ex-) publishers who think very, very new.

Twitter Trends on Trend Central

Trend Central is a great site that covers up and coming people and trends in music, lifestyle, entertainment, and media. Today their topic is what’s new with Twitter, including:

Twitter Branding: Want to check out how the competition is using Twitter? A new directory of tweeting brands, Twitter Tracker, compiles real-time updates from companies using the service, such as Whole Foods, JetBlue, and Starbucks.

Check out the full list here. You can also sign up to have their short trend newsletters e-mailed to you daily.